Raffles Hotel Marketing Communications

Assignment #4 Observation Report A: Describe one on-the-job problem of issue encountered and how it was resolved. I first encountered this problem two weeks into my internship with Raffles Hotel Marketing Communications. After my orientation week, it was finally time for me to take on projects on my own and start communicating with some of the clients and media the department would follow up from time to time. One of the projects that I was tasked was to prepare the Arabic version of Raffles Hotel’s fact sheet for the Saudi Arabia sales trip that the Director of Sales and Marketing will be doing at the end of the week.This request came in as a last minute project as there were several delays in the process of translation and positioning of the facts and information. In what limited time I had, it does seem that I would not be able to complete to the fact sheet in time due to the constant delays from the Translation Company and external help that took quite some time to get bac k to me. Time wasn’t on my side and I knew I cannot afford to mess up this project. That was when I decided to adopt one of the many values that Raffles Hotel believes in – taking ownership of guest requests.Instead of sitting around waiting for things to happen and emails to be replied, I decided that it was time for me to take action and get what needs to be done, done. The issue was eventually resolved after I made personal trips around the hotel, asking for help from colleagues from various departments that have knowledge in the Arabic language. I managed to prepare the Arabic fact sheet of Raffles Hotel in time for the Saudi Arabia sales trip and have shown my managers that I am someone they can trust to get things done on time and to the best of my abilities.

The Twenty-First Century

Never before in history have there been more health problem in the world than in the twenty-first century. There seems to be an incrementing amount of people that will be diagnosed with some type of disease or sickness. The main culprit that causes so many people to be in that state is diet. This not only affects adults but children as well, significantly on school property. A child that is well nourished can perform well in school and adapt to making healthier decisions in regards to the consumption of foods. Thus, banning junk food in schools is an effective solution to students performance in school. In the schools setting children are no longer advised by their parents on what to eat and are forced to choose from the options that the school offers. The child's health then depends upon the nutritional value of the choices that are available. Junk food in schools often includes pizza, hamburgers, fried foods such as french fries and chips, canned food, and large quantities of processed foods. Some of these foods can come from vending machines as well. There can be healthier options such as vegetables, salad, and fruits, however, children tend to choose less healthy options. On the occasion that schools ban junk food, children will have no other option but to choose healthier food choices. This will result in an increase of children eating healthier and enhancing their performance to do well in school. In some instances, children can be rebellious and not want to consume the healthy alternatives due to unfavorable preferences. This can cause ineffective performs in the classroom and their overall behavior hindering their ability to do well academically. However, schools can solve this by advising and consulting with the children before making any changes. In this process school administrators motivate children to make healthier food choices using incentives, pledges, and competitions which is exactly what a field study conducted by Sekar Raju, Priyalin Rajagopal, and Timothy J. Gilbride. The study concluded that â€Å"all three interventions increased the choice of fruits and vegetables ten weeks after the intervention ended.† This demonstrates that it is possible for children to adapt to healthier food choices that they can apply when choosing foods from the cafeteria. Children can even make a habit early on in their lives to eat healthier. Some people might say that the problem of children's poor health is caused by how they were taught how to make decisions at home and not on school grounds, thus it is not the school's responsibility to attend to every child dietary needs. However, if the school's administration had already taken the initiative to respond by the students best academic interests they should take into consideration that proper nutrition can enhance their performance. According to the article â€Å"The Relationship between Nutrition and Children's Educational Performance: A Focus on the United Arab Emirates† by Galal, Osman, and Judie Hulett, students who are not well nourished have lower attendance, shorter attention span, lower performance scores, and more health-related problems. In addition to this, junk food is harmful and can inhibit students performance in school. There was a cross-section survey done by British secondary school children and the results stated that the daily consumption of junk food was associated with poorer mental and physical health. Thus, if schools provide healthier options students can perform better in school and articulate in a normal manner. A concern that schools and parents have is that banning junk food and increasing healthier alternatives will result in additional money needed to buy the materials and food. This was the case for Maplewood-Richmond Heights School District in suburban St. Louis that with the initiative of superintendent Lina Henke, candy, chips, and all but one vending machine were removed. She also had all processed food replaced by whole foods by means of local resources. Linda Henke stated that â€Å"To get kids to focus on school, and come to class with energy and enthusiasm, this is essential.† Although most districts struggle with the budget, once changes have been made to the foods served in the cafeteria the school will benefit from the children's academic and social performance. For this reason, additional schools are making changes and seeing promising results from banning junk food. Banning junk food in school can benefit both the school and the children. Although the school will have to make accommodations due to financial requirements the outcomes will result in an overall better performance by the students. Student will learn earlier on in their live how to make healthier food choices and add to their well being as they grow up. Schools should take more into consideration the power that food can have on children and their performance in school.

Critical Response

Order and chaos take the shape of Nurse Ratchet and Randal McCarthy, rest fictively. The battle is really simply a tug of war, with control hanging in the balance. Before M zymurgy arrives to the ward, Big Nurse has total control. Broaden explains her control by call Eng her, essentially, a machine. He narrates, â€Å"practice has steadied and strengthened her unitI now she wields a sure power that extends in all directions on hairline wires too small for anybody odds eye but mine† (16). The use of machinery to explain her control shows how precise It It, ho w orderly. McCarthy, on the other hand, is chaotic. However, he too is striving for control by rest ;sting authority. Perhaps because of his history in the Korean War, McCarthy feels the nee d to rebel against authority. By rebelling against authority, he makes himself somewhat of an a authoritative Geiger amongst the patients In the hospital. Unlike Ratchet, McCarthy Is a figure of h pope and not of monotonous scheduling. This is most apparent when McCarthy takes on his o win form of therapy session by taking the men on a fishing trip. In doing so, he made people like George feel needed, and for Chief, â€Å"l smelt the air and felt the four cans of beer I'd drunk shortly g out dozens of control leads down inside me: all around, the chrome sides of the swells flickered a ND flashed in the sun† (209).Musher's tactics were much more therapeutic than anything Nor SE Ratchet did for these men, because McCarthy made them feel like men. The concept of gender and control also affects the relationship between McCarthy a ND Ratchet. Keyes, in a modernly sexist fashion, uses the male figure to represent auto rite. In the beginning of the novel, Broaden narrates how Ratchet would try to cover up her bread SST because they were an imperfection they symbolize femininity. When McCarthy comes out of the Critical Response Order and chaos take the shape of Nurse Ratchet and Randal McCarthy, rest fictively. The battle is really simply a tug of war, with control hanging in the balance. Before M zymurgy arrives to the ward, Big Nurse has total control. Broaden explains her control by call Eng her, essentially, a machine. He narrates, â€Å"practice has steadied and strengthened her unitI now she wields a sure power that extends in all directions on hairline wires too small for anybody odds eye but mine† (16). The use of machinery to explain her control shows how precise It It, ho w orderly. McCarthy, on the other hand, is chaotic. However, he too is striving for control by rest ;sting authority. Perhaps because of his history in the Korean War, McCarthy feels the nee d to rebel against authority. By rebelling against authority, he makes himself somewhat of an a authoritative Geiger amongst the patients In the hospital. Unlike Ratchet, McCarthy Is a figure of h pope and not of monotonous scheduling. This is most apparent when McCarthy takes on his o win form of therapy session by taking the men on a fishing trip. In doing so, he made people like George feel needed, and for Chief, â€Å"l smelt the air and felt the four cans of beer I'd drunk shortly g out dozens of control leads down inside me: all around, the chrome sides of the swells flickered a ND flashed in the sun† (209).Musher's tactics were much more therapeutic than anything Nor SE Ratchet did for these men, because McCarthy made them feel like men. The concept of gender and control also affects the relationship between McCarthy a ND Ratchet. Keyes, in a modernly sexist fashion, uses the male figure to represent auto rite. In the beginning of the novel, Broaden narrates how Ratchet would try to cover up her bread SST because they were an imperfection they symbolize femininity. When McCarthy comes out of the Critical Response Order and chaos take the shape of Nurse Ratchet and Randal McCarthy, rest fictively. The battle is really simply a tug of war, with control hanging in the balance. Before M zymurgy arrives to the ward, Big Nurse has total control. Broaden explains her control by call Eng her, essentially, a machine. He narrates, â€Å"practice has steadied and strengthened her unitI now she wields a sure power that extends in all directions on hairline wires too small for anybody odds eye but mine† (16). The use of machinery to explain her control shows how precise It It, ho w orderly. McCarthy, on the other hand, is chaotic. However, he too is striving for control by rest ;sting authority. Perhaps because of his history in the Korean War, McCarthy feels the nee d to rebel against authority. By rebelling against authority, he makes himself somewhat of an a authoritative Geiger amongst the patients In the hospital. Unlike Ratchet, McCarthy Is a figure of h pope and not of monotonous scheduling. This is most apparent when McCarthy takes on his o win form of therapy session by taking the men on a fishing trip. In doing so, he made people like George feel needed, and for Chief, â€Å"l smelt the air and felt the four cans of beer I'd drunk shortly g out dozens of control leads down inside me: all around, the chrome sides of the swells flickered a ND flashed in the sun† (209).Musher's tactics were much more therapeutic than anything Nor SE Ratchet did for these men, because McCarthy made them feel like men. The concept of gender and control also affects the relationship between McCarthy a ND Ratchet. Keyes, in a modernly sexist fashion, uses the male figure to represent auto rite. In the beginning of the novel, Broaden narrates how Ratchet would try to cover up her bread SST because they were an imperfection they symbolize femininity. When McCarthy comes out of the

Second paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Second paper - Essay Example Baker succinctly elucidates on the favorable commitment that should be used by a family to ensure their family member is of sound health (Baker and Buchanan-Barker, 2005). Therefore, the paper will give the initial commitments that are involved during family integration, in accordance to the Baker theory (Baker and Buchanan-Barker, 2005). This means that there are various steps that are used by a family in ensuring their close family member is responding positively to treatment. In the end, the family will appreciate positive results as the affected person will have a positive reaction to treatment. Though the affected person may not be fully reverted to normal health, he or she will be in a positive mode when there is increased positive reaction from the family members. This reflects on the positivity of using family integration in treatment of mentally retarded people in the family. Belief and Metaparadigms In Baker’s perspective, there is a belief that nursing is a professi on that denotes people with a caring notion and have responsibility of the patients in their midst. Baker states that, nursing ensures that there is an amicable solution to the illness or disease, reflecting a healing to the affected person. ... There is no need to pay the family for the services that are offered. In addition to this, this theory refers to the positivity of the inception of the practice. The negative side is not considered as it may affect the use of the process. Since time immemorial, the tidal theory has been used and records plausible results, hence the reliance on the theory. Personal philosophy Baker states that development in the current world strongly depends on evidence-based treatment. The mental health is a considerable focal point that should be treated with evidence based treatment (Baker and Buchanan-Barker, 2005). Continuous reflection on the mental health of a person is therefore a guarantee to sound health. According to Baker, the family is the basic group in a community that has close relationship to each other. The family is the basic interaction that involves people with a connection, as either in blood or adoption. Therefore, they are in the best point of having a close connection to each other. This is partially due to the blood and other connection. However, the family becomes a basic interaction as the people are in a daily basis of connecting to each other (Rose-Ackerman, 1982). In essence, the family spends most of their time bonding with each other. This involves sharing meals, playing together and teaching each other mannerisms. This philosophy makes each of the families connected in most of their activities. This calls for a caring and responsible family unit that will give the best treatment to all the family members, though there could be absence of any disease. In recent times, philosophy dictates that families are a growing unit, as the

Week 6 Project Deliverable 3 Submission Assignment

Week 6 Project Deliverable 3 Submission - Assignment Example The database is going to be designed based on the various requirements that are to be integrated in the Order management System, Inventory System and the Supply processing system. The general idea for the implementation of the database schema would adopt a general flow basing on the fact transactions in a certain business entity take a general format of: 6. The ordering process will capture the essential requirements of the customer for instance the customer name, physical address, contact information, the type of goods that have been ordered and their specific quantities. 7. The ordering process be able to forward a report to the supply processing system where stock issues will be done and will be able to make the necessary adjustments on the stock level quantities upon retrieval from the stores The database design process will be divided into different autonomous design tasks relative to the followed design process. Particular emphasis will be laid on the logical database design and the physical database design (Teorey et al, 2011). The logical database design main objective is to determine the relevant user requirements, examination of the process flows of the existing system with an aim of identifying the challenges that are faced by the user of the system. It is also aimed at studying the specific business environment of the company. Therefore, the expected outcome will be the emergence and formulation of a system-independent database description that meets the key requirements (Teorey et al, 2011). It represents the database actual implementation process in relation to the system that exists. The physical database design is dependent on the RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) which is adopted by the user (Teorey et al, 2011). The software and the hardware environments greatly influence the structure. The system will be used by different personalities of which important roles

The adventure of sherlock holmes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The adventure of sherlock holmes - Essay Example Components such as plot, character and narrator make understanding of the stories quite easy. While a number of publications do not have all the components, others employ all for the purpose of drawing meaning. Doyle uses plot, narrative and character to help simplify the stories and ensure clear understanding of the stories (Doyle, 3). In the ‘Adventure of Red Headed League’, Doyle uses plot, narrator and character to help open up the story to the reader for a better consumption (Doyle, 45). With respect to plot, the sequence of events from one issue to another helps the reader to connect the dots and relate the content of the story. This is what brings an understanding to the reader. For instance, Holmes and Watson are vastly mentioned in the adventure. In the plot, the lines reveal multiple sides of Holmes while being silent on Watson. The plot of the story is choreographed in such a way that Holmes is portrayed as all knowing and tries to jargon through a number of issues. Through this, Doyle makes the story to be understood through the interactions between Watson and Holmes. Holmes as in the story has a character that is questionable (Doyle, 65). Throughout the story, the reader is left pondering on how Holmes is to behave in the next coming lines. Flipping over the pages is eminent as the readerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s attention is drawn to the events. The plot of the story makes it possible to understand the wellbeing of the individuals in the adventure to the extent that it becomes easy to understand the essence of everyone’s role and background. Consequently, in the Red-Headed League, there are events that are characteristics of the use of a plot (Doyle, 80). Mr. Holmes in the story is met by a man disturbed man whose descriptions in the definition of a joke. His concern is to get to the bottom of the messages going about claiming that he is a joker. From this point, his search for the truth makes him to move from one step to the other with Holmes being

The Future of the Coastguard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Future of the Coastguard - Essay Example Apart from that, its function as a search and rescue service and as an environmental monitoring and protection one, cannot be underestimated or undervalued. The coast guard is essential in the life of any coastal or island country and its importance is expected to increase. While there are hardly any who are not aware of the presence, aims and objectives of all of the army, the navy and the air force, only a handful of people have a similar awareness of the coastguard. Although some countries, such as the United States, Canada and Japan, define the coast guard as a division of the national military, its importance is generally underestimated (LaGuardia-Kotite and Ridge, 2006). Popular understanding of the coast guard is that it acts as a vessel and life rescue service and, in some instances, to monitor fishing across the national coastlines and waters. This understanding barely touches upon the duties, responsibilities, aims and objectives of both civilian and military coast guard services, nor does it even hint at the fact that the coast guard, in the first and last, is primarily responsible for coastal and port security. In other words, the responsibilities and functions of the coast guard directly tie in with national security (LaGuardia-Kotite and Ridge, 2006). This research paper, which shall highlight the multiple functions of the coast guard s... n, shall, hopefully, illustrate that insofar as coastal countries are concerned, the coast guard plays an invaluable and vital role; a role which directly contributes to increased national security. Historical Background The Coast Guard first emerged in the early nineteenth century and in direct response to an ever growing need to protect coastal areas from smugglers, not to mention rescue services for vessels and fleets in distress (LaGuardia-Kotite and Ridge, 2006). While there is, currently, hardly a coastal country which does not have a coast guard service, tracing its history in the United Kingdom is particularly informative, not just because the first coast guard service emerged in that country but because both civilian and military division of the UK coast guard functioned, and to a degree continues to function, as the model for the same in coastal nations across the world (Thoreaux, 2006). Prior to expanding upon the genesis of the coastguard and over viewing its historical evolution in Britain, it is interesting to point out that the United States Coastguard strenuously maintains that the historical roots of this service lie in the United States (Beard, 2004). According to this argument, the outbreak of conflict between the United States and Britain regarding the colonisation of North America, is directly responsible for the evolution of the coastguard. In 1740, with the outbreak of the aforementioned war, military commanders realised the imperatives of stationing men along strategic coastal areas for "look-out" duties (Beard, 2004, p. 78). These men were supposed to keep watch over the impending arrival of enemy vessels and to warn the army (Beard, 2004). Insofar as the function of these men was the protection of coastal areas against the possible

Whig party during American Civilization Research Paper

Whig party during American Civilization - Research Paper Example The party advocated for internal improvement of the various issues such as roads, railroads and digging of canals and deepening of rivers. At the time the United States of America was very much isolated and they needed to access different markets to sell or buy their goods. In the United States of America the name â€Å"the Whigs† was introduced by Mr. Jefferson after they were forced to drop the name â€Å"Anti-federalists after it was declared as inappropriate. In some of his correspondence he called his friends â€Å"The Whigs.†All this was as a result of some political differences in regards to the adoption of the constitution. The Constitution of the United States is considered as a â€Å"document of eminent wisdom and ability† however it has some weakness (William 54). The people who were in charge of coming up with the document were very much aware of some of the weaknesses of the constitution. Some of the clauses in the constitution became a contentious issue among the big political parties at the time. An example of a such a cause was the ne declaring â€Å""that all men are born free and equal, and entitled to the enjoyment of liberty and the pursuit of happiness," Even though at the time the issue of slavery was rife a nd the slaves were being mistreated. One major clause that brought a fierce split between the major political parties was the â€Å"conflicts between federal and states rights, objects of national or sectional concern, fiscal regulations and financial schemes.† The people who were supporting the adoption of the proposed constitution were referred to as the Federalists while the people who opposed it were referred to as the Anti-Federalists. In order for the constitution to be adopted some discussions had to be carried out between the major political parties. A series of conventions had to be held to determine if the proposed constitution cud be adopted or not. In

You can choose a topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You can choose a topic - Assignment Example ch as television broadcasting and radio entertainment, marketing advertisements in newspapers and magazines and advertisement using banners and billboards (Baines, Fill, & Page, 2011). The Russ All construction limited company located in California United States is to produce steel products, design process and produce high quality components and machinery that exceed the consumer requirements. This is by employing appropriate art technology and highly skilled work force. This is to ensure production of quality goods to meet the demands of the consumers. It is also in line to ensure a healthy competition with other steel and manufacture companies. The company vision is to be the regional and international market leader in production and designs of steel products and components. Core values incorporated include customer focus, integrity, teamwork, social responsibility, professionalism and environmental responsibilities. The area to be involved for the survey is California area in United States to determine their view and perception of the products produced by the Russ All construction limited company. The reason for conducting the survey is determining the awareness among the residents of the company. The survey will also determine preference of customers to buy the products produced by the company over other companies producing similar products. The survey will later be used by the company improvement on the production, marketing process, and meeting demands of consumers for the company, to reach the desired target market (Leung, 2001). The method to be used to collect data is the use of questionnaires to the sample identified. Members in the company have been selected to conduct the survey. They are divided to groups, and they are to provide residents with the questionnaire papers to fill under guidance (Kruschke, 2010). Data for the survey was collected analyzed, and the finding presented. ‘The Russ All construction limited company produces steel products,

Aspirin Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Aspirin - Coursework Example ration, a standard titration and a colourimetry experiment will be undertaken to determine the amount of acetylsalicylic acid in each of three commercially available aspirin brands (as well as acetylsalicylic acid created in the laboratory – see below). Back titration involves using phenolphthalein as an indicator, as well as the principles of the pH scale to determine how much of the acid is present by using known quantities of a basic solution (in this case NaOH). Colorimetry involves the use of iron (III) chloride, a strongly coloured compound, to determine how much of the acetylsalicylic acid is available by using a previously calibrated scale of light reflection and colour density. 2) (AS) Which purification method is the most appropriate and accurate? To answer this aim, we need to compare the three methods outlined above, colourimetry, standard titration and back titration. We can do this by seeing which produces the most consistent results by adding the results to a ch art and measuring the standard deviation of the results given. 3) (AS) Which type of titration (back or forward) is the most appropriate in this situation? There are two types of titration that can be used in this experiment. Back titration relies on the use of an excess of alkali and reacting this excess with acid to determine the concentration. Forward titration relies on the acid + base = salt + water principle. We can see which one works faster and gives standardised results. 4) (AS) Which type of acid (monoprotic or diprotic or triprotic) is the most effective in the purification process? A monoprotic acid is one that can donate one proton per molecule during the dissociation process; a diprotic can donate two and a triprotic can donate three. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is an example of a... There are certain chemically proven ways to show the purity of aspirin, or the % yield of salicylic acid in these tablets. The first aim here suggests that it is important to test the effectiveness of several different methods, and this means completing at least two different types of test on the commercially available aspirin. One of the most widely used ways of testing the purity of aspirin is known as back titration. This involves destroying the aspirin using a known concentration of an alkali. This leaves a certain quantity of the alkali remaining, and back titration then involves using a known quantity and concentration of an acid to help determine the amount of alkali remaining. Colorimetry is a widely used way of testing chemicals based on the principal of light reflection. In this case, the equipment is available in the laboratory. We need to use more than one different method to answer aim two. Chemically, it is always important to do a number of tests. In this case, part of the method suggests that each type of aspirin be tested three times; this will help give us a mean that is a more accurate result than the use of simply one test which could be false. Another important thing in chemistry is comparison, and this is why the methods here suggest using at least three different brands of commercially available aspirin to show how much salicylic acid is found in these tablets. Repeating the experiment will also give a more accurate rate of reaction, which will help to answer some of the aims above.

Teams progress Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teams progress - Assignment Example †¢ What were the weaknesses of your team?†¢ What were the weaknesses of your team?Lack of experience on such team managed projects was a major weakness. Although Work load was equally divided by the leader division of work was such that one member assigned to do research work was not responsible for writing task. Therefore, writing standard lacked coherence of thought. Long-term goals got forgotten to attain short term targets. Due to given time limit, team leader could not justify with the given task. †¢ What do you like best about the team experience?  The best thing about the team experience was developing an understanding of what other members thought about how to work collaboratively, innovatively and at the same time respecting each other views by listening with patience. The feeling of team-spirit was so intense that no member felt bad when his research material was found irrelevant and discarded from the final output. †¢ What do you like least about your team experience?  Online participation through the electronic media via computers was the least satisfactory strategy in comparison to offline participation at the campus library and other designated places. It did not help in resolving the issues faced by members as the target was only on providing an update on current status. Members had to wait until the next face-to-face meeting to resolve issues, which caused a delay in timely submission. My experiences of the joint project have enlightened me on how to bring performance and excellence in the final output by changing my behavior and attitude.  

The Birlings and Gerald Essay Example for Free

The Birlings and Gerald Essay An Inspector Calls is located in the made up city of Brumley in 1912 when business in Britain was doing well. The play concentrates on a wealthy industrial family called the Birlings who are holding a dinner party to celebrate the engagement of their daughter Sheila to Gerald Croft, the son of a wealthy businessman. The party is going rather well until it is interrupted by a man claiming to be an Inspector who is investigating the suicide of a young working class women called Eva Smith who later goes by the name of Daisy Renton. He questions all of the Birlings and Gerald Croft and then exits rather abruptly leaving the question of who is responsible for the death of this girl. The Birlings and Gerald find the Inspectors behaviour rather peculiar and begin to suspect he was not genuine. They investigate their theory and find that there is no girl in mortuary who has committed suicide. This news delights Mr. and Mrs. Birling and they look back at the evening with laughter for them all being so naive to have been taken in by a man claiming to be an inspector. The celebrations are short lived though as the phone rings and they hear that a girl has just died on the way to the infirmary and a police inspector is coming round to question them. This ends the play and leaves the imagination of the audience to decide who is responsible for Eva Smiths suicide, if it is in fact Eva Smith who has just died. Mr. Birling is a successful factory owner, ex-Lord Mayor of Brumley and a local magistrate. He is blind to the concerns of his workers, his own actions and the world outside of Britain. He is obsessed with himself and his search to make more money, he says that industry is prospering and cant see why anyone would wont to interrupt it by starting a War. He does not take into account that other people might value different things more highly than money. The only thing he worries about when he finds that someone has died is that whether he will loose the chance of his knighthood and that a public scandal might occur. Mrs. Birling is very arrogant, judging people by their social position. She expects others below her social class to naturally respect her and never to question her opinion. She is generally unaware of what is going on around her and deliberately blind to what she does not wish to see. When she finds that Eva Smith committed suicide Mrs. Birling cannot see how it has anything to do with her as Eva is lower class. Mrs. Birling feels that the lower classs are totally different breed of animal from her own class. Eric is the youngest of the group. He is a drunk, robber and a humiliation. In the eyes of his father he is a failure, as he will never make as much money as his father has done which is the only important thing to his father. Eric particularly disagrees with his father over the reason for not giving workers more money. Mr. Birling points out that the reason why Eric thinks workers should average more than 22 and 6 a week is why he is not commanding the Birling empire. Eric finds his father distant and particularly heartless. Gerald is a businessman and a member of a family with higher social class than the Birlings. He is in many ways like Mr. Birling straight away trying to conceal his involvement with Eva. The difference is that Gerald unlike Mr. Birling feels remorse for what he has done. He is least to blame for Evas suicide as he genuinely made her happy for the time he knew her. Sheila is very suggestible; she respects the Inspector and does what he asks. Sheila is honest and this helps her to realize what she has done to Eva. Her parents do not like her honesty and see her as being disloyal to them. Sheila sees the gruelling interview as a learning curve and even when she finds that Inspector Goole was not a real Inspector unlike the others she still cannot let go of the guilt, which she carries for being partly responsible for Evas death. Inspector Goole is a strong persuasive man. He can also be seen as some one sent from the future to try and convince people to change before its to late. In the book it shows us that the Inspector intimidates the person he is interviewing by looking hard at the person before speaking. This tactic works to the extent that no one dares to challenge him while he is in the room.

The Sound Systems Of Language English Language Essay

The Sound Systems Of Language English Language Essay Phonology is one of the core fields that compose the discipline of linguistics, which is defined as the scientific study of language structure. One way to understand what the subject matter of phonology is, to contrast it with other fields within linguistics. A very brief explanation is that phonology is the study of sound structure in language, which is different from the study of sentence structure (syntax) or word structure (morphology), or how languages change over time (historical linguistics). A common characterization of the different between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics deals with actual physical sounds as they are manifested in human speech, and concentrates on acoustic waveforms, formant values, measurements of duration measured in milliseconds, of amplitude and frequency, or in the physical principles underlying the production of sounds. On the other hand, phonology is an abstract cognitive system dealing with rules in a mental grammar: principles of subconscious thought as they relate to language sound. CONCERNS OF PHONOLOGY: The most important to appreciate at this moment is that the sound which phonology is concerned with is symbolic sounds- there are cognitive abstractions which represent but are not the same as physical sounds THE SOUNDS OF A LANGUAGE: One expect of phonology considers what the sounds of a language are. We would want to take note in a description of the phonology of English that we lack a particular vowel that exists in German in words like schon beautiful, a vowel which is also found. In French (Spelled eu, as in jeune Young) or Norwegian (beer). Similarly, the consonant spelled the in English thing, path does exist in English as well as in Icelandic where it is spelled with the letter p, or Modern Greek where it is spelled with O, or Saami where it is spelled ) but his sound doesnt occur in German or French and it is not used in Latin American Spanish, although it does occur in continental Spanish in words such as cerveza beer, where by the spelling conventions of Spanish, the letters c and z represent the same sound as the one spelled the (in English) RULES FOR COMBINING SOUNDS: Another aspect of language sound which is phonological analysis would take account of is that in any given language, certain combinations of sounds are allowed, but other combinations are systematically impossible. The fact that English has the words brick, break, bridge, bread is a clear indication that there is no restriction against having words begin with the consonant sequence br; besides these words one can think of many more words beginning with br such as bribe, brow and so on. Similarly, there are many words which begin with bl, such as blue, blatant, blast, blend, blink, showing that there is no rule against words beginning with bl. It is also a fact that there is no words blink in English, even though the similar words blink, brick do exit. The nonexistence of blick is English is accidental, the exclusion from English of many other imaginable but nonexistent words is based on a principled restriction of the languages. VARATIONS IN PRONOUNCIAITON In addition to providing an account of possible versus impossible words in a language, a phonological analysis will explain other general patterns in the pronunciation of words. For example, there is a very general rule of English phonology which dictates that the plural suffix on nouns will be pronounced as (iz), represented in spelling as es, when the preceding consonant is one of the certain set of consonants including (S) spelled (sh) as in bushes, (c) (spelled as ch) as in churches, and (j) (spelled j, ge, dge) as in cages, bridge. This pattern of pronunciation is not limited to the plural, so despite the difference in spelling, the possessive suffix s2 is also subject to the same rules of pronunciation: thus, plural bushes is pronounced as same as the possessive bushs and plural churches is pronounced same as the possessive churchs. This is the sense in which phonology is about the sound of the language. From the phonological perspective, a sound is a specific unit which combin es with other such specific units and which represent physical sounds. PHONETICS Phonetics is about the concrete, instrumentally measurable physical properties and production of these cognitive speech sounds. The two basic aspects of speech sounds as there are studied in phonetics, namely acoustics which is the study of the properties of the physical sounds wave that we hear, and articulation, which is the study of how to modify the shape of vocal tract, thereby producing a certain acoustic output(sound) ACOUSTICS A sound is a complex pattern of rapid variation in air pressure, travelling from a sound source and striking the ear, which causes a series of neural signals to be received in the brain: this is true of speech, music and random noices. WAVEFORMS A concrete way to visually represent a sound is with an acoustic waveform. A number of computer programs allow one to record sounds into a file and display the results on the screen. This means one can visually inspect a representation of the physical pattern of the variation in air pressure since we are interested in the part which makes this two words sound different, we might get a clearer picture of the physical difference by expanding the scale and looking just at a part of the vowel. Vowels are periodic, which means that the pattern of their wave form repeats over time. A portion of the vowels from the middle of the words seed and Sid, involving around 30 milliseconds (ms) of each of the words. We can indeed see that there is a pattern which is repeated. Though there are visible differences between the waveforms, the basis for distinguishing these vowels remain unclear. SOUND SPECTRA: All sound waves are definably, namely in terms of three properties that characterize a sine wave familiar from trigonometry, namely frequency measure in cycles per second also known as Hertz (Hz), amplitude measure in decibels and phase measured in the angular measure radians. These characteristics suffice to define any sine wave, which is the analytic basis of sounds. The property phase, which describe how far into the infinite cycle of repetition a particular sine wave is, turns out to be unimportant for the study of speech sounds, so it can be ignored. Simple sine waves (termed pure tones when speaking of sounds) made up of a single frequency are not commonly encountered in the real worlds, but can be created by a tuning fork or by electronic equipment. Speech sounds (indeed all sounds) are complex wave forms which are virtually impossible to describe with intuitive description of what they look like. Fortunately, complex wave can be mathematically relate to a series of simple waves which have different amplitudes at different frequencies, so that we can say that complex wave from is build from asset of simple waves. Inaccuracy in spectral data has three main sources. Half of the information in the original signal, phase, has been discarded. Frequency information is only approximate and its related to how much speech is analyzed. Finally, a spectrum assumes that sound properties are constant during the period being analyzed. If too large a piece of speech is taking for analysis, a misrepresentative blending of a continuously changing signal results. SPECTROGRAM: The spectrogram shows both frequency and amplitude properties as they change over time, by adding a third dimension of information to the display. A spectrogram can be made by a mechanical spectrograph, which uses an adjustable filter to select different frequency ranges and display the changes in amplitude at each frequency ranges; or, it can be created by a computer program, which use fouler analysis to determine these component amplitudes. A spectrogram is a reasonably informative accurate display of properties of sound. It is less accurate than the spectrum at a single point. Spectrograms are created either by special machinery or specials computer programs, which are not always available. It is therefore quite impractical and also unnecessary to base the scientific study of languages sound systems exclusively on spectrograms. CONCLUSION: Phonetics and phonology both study language sounds. Phonology examines language sound as a mental unit, and encapsulated symbolically for example as (ae) or (g) and focus on how these unit function in grammars. Phonetics examines how symbolic sounds are manifested as a continuous physical object. The conversion from physically continues event to symbolic representation requires focusing on the information that is important, which is possible because not all physical properties of speech sounds are cognitively important. One of the goals of phonology is than to discover exactly what these cognately important properties are how they function in expressing Regularities about languages. CHAPTER TWO PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIONS PREVIEW: This chapter gives an overview of phonetic transcriptions. It: Gives the important transcriptional symbols Introduces the two major schemes of phonetic transcriptions Present the main articulators classification of sounds Surveys the main variations in phonetic properties exploited by the languages Further develops the relevance of phonetics for the study of phonology INTRODUCTION: In phonetic transcription, speech is represented a small set of symbols with a standard interpretation. This chapter looks at the different systems for phonetic transcription. They are two major schemes, the informal American schemes used in especially North America, sometime known as APA (American Phonetic Alphabet), and the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) promulgated by the international Phonetics association. VOWELS: The first division in speech sound is made between vowels and consonants. Symbols for vowels will be considered first because they are fewer vowels than consonant. Some dialects English make no distinction in the pronunciation of the words cot and caught; even among speakers who distinguish the pronunciation of cot and caught, the precise pronunciation of the two vowels differs considerable. An important point is that the transcriptional symbols are approximations representing a range of similar values, and that symbols do not always have absolute universal phonetic values. CONSONANT: There are many more consonant than vowels, English only has a fraction of the full range of possible consonants, so illustration of many of these symbols involve more extensive consideration of languages other than English. Consonants symbols are treat as the place of articulation where the major constriction occurs as one axis, and treating properties such as voicing, being a continuant, or nasality as the other axis. Eleven places of articulation for consonants are usually recognized: bilabial, labiodentals, dental, alveolar, alveopalatal, retroflex, palatal, velar, uvular, pharyngeal and laryngeal, and arrangement which proceeds from the furthest forward to furthest back points of the vocal tract. MANNER OF ARTICULATION: largely independent of the place where a consonant constriction is formed, the manner in which the constriction is formed can be manipulated in various ways. If a constriction is formed which completely blocks the flow of air, the resulting sound, such as t, is called a stop? A consonant can be produced by forming a narrow constriction which still allows air to pass through the vocal tract, resulting in noise in at the constriction, and such consonants, for example s and v are called fricatives. A combination of complete constriction followed by a period of partial constriction is termed an affricate. SYLLABICITY A phonetic property of consonants that may be transcribed is whether the consonant is syllabic. There is a phonetic difference between the n of American English cotton and that of con: the n of cotton is syllabi, where as the n of con is no syllabic. A syllabic consonant is indicated by placing a vertical tick under the consonant, so cotton is transcript (Ka? n) and con is transcribed (Kan). The main phonetic correlate of the distinction between syllabic and no syllabic consonant is duration, where syllabic consonants are generally longer than their no syllabic counterparts. Especially in tone languages, syllabic consonants can have distinctive tone. SYMMENTRY IN CONSONANTS The symmetrical universal table consonants were we to list all the consonants found in human languages. In some instances, the gap reflects physiological impossibility, such as the fact that one cannot produce a nasal pharyngeal, analogous to velar nasal but at a pharyngeal place of articulation. A nasal involves making a complete obstruction at a given point of articulation and also requires air to flow through the velum. In order to make a pharyngeal nasal, it would be necessary to make a complete constriction at the pharynx. But since the pharynx lies below the velum, no air can flow through the nasal passages if the pharynx is totally constricted. However a nasalized pharyngeal continuant, i.e. the consonant produced with simultaneous nasal airflow, would not be a physical impossibility, since that consonant doesnt not require complete constriction of the pharynx. In other cases the gap indicates that no such sound has been found, but there is no immutable physical reason for suc h a sound not to exist. Thus bilabial affricated not seem to be attested, nor to plain no affricated alvepalatal stops, nor do nasalized pharyngeal fricatives. Similarly, while pharyngeal zed consonant exist and rounded consonants exist, there are apparently no cased of consonants which are both rounded and pharyngeal zed, though such segments are not logically impossible. These lacunae may be an indication of a deeper constraint on sound systems however; it is also possible that these segments do exist in some languages which have not been studied yet, since there are many languages in the world which remain uninvestigated. PLACE OF ARTICULATION The place of articulation of consonants is divided into primarily place of articulation something that every consonant has and secondary place of articulation-something some consonants may add to primary place of articulation. LINGUAL CONSONANTS: The tip or blade of the tongue is the active articulators in the production of many consonants, including dental, alveolar, alveopalatal, retroflex and palatal consonants. These consonants form constrictions involving the tongue and an appropriate place on the teeth, or hard or soft palates. The contract is with the teeth in the case of dentals, on the hard palate behind the teeth in the case of alveolar, behind the alveolar ridge in the case of alveopalatals and retroflex consonants, and with the blade of the tongue at the boundary between the hard and soft palate in the case of palatals. In many traditional organization in segments, retroflex consonants are classified as a separate place of articulation from alveolar and alveopalatals. This traditional concept of place of articulation combines properties with both active articulators and a passive articulator- the target towards which an active articulator moves. What unifies that various kinds of retroflex consonants across langua ges is not the specific location of the constriction on the hard palate, but rather the manner in which just the tongue tip approaches the palate. SECONDARY ARTICULATIONS: Consonants may have more than one point of constriction: generally, one of these constrictions is the major (most radical) constriction and other constrictions are less radical more vowels like in nature. CONCLUSION: Phonology views speech sounds symbolically, knowledge of the system of symbols for representing speech is a prerequisite to doing a phonological analysis. It is also vital to know the phonetic parameters for describing the sounds of human languages which have been presented here. The main characteristic of vowels involve fronting of the tongue (front, central and back), rounding, and vowel height (high, mid and low, with tense and lax variant of high and mid vowels. Other properties of vowels include stress, tone and the phonation types creaky and breathy voice. Primary consonantal places of articulation include bilabial, labiodentals, alveolar, alveopalatal, retroflex, palatal, velar, uvular, pharyngeal and laryngeal. These may be supplemented by vowel like secondary articulations including palatalization, valorization, and pharyngealization and rounding. Consonant may be produced with a number of constrictions and release types, and is stops. Fricatives or nasals and stop consonant s may be unreleased or released, the later type allowing plain versus affricate release. Differences in the laryngeal component for consonants include voicing and aspiration. And the distinction between ejectives and implosives. Vowels and consonant may also exploit differences in nasalization and length.

N-myristoylation: An Overview

N-myristoylation: An Overview N-myristoylation Protein N-myristoylation is the covalent attachment of myristate, a 14-carbon fatty acid, onto the N-terminal glycine residues of protein substrates. It is transferred co- or post-translationally to a subset of proteins from a thioester form, myristoyl-CoA, catalyzed by N-myristoyl transferases (NMTs). (insert genes expressing nmt1 and nmt2, NMT recognizes a general consensus sequence for myristoylation (Gly-X-X-X-(Ser/Thr/Cys)) containing a N-terminal glycine, 3 other amino acids and a serine, threonine or a cysteine in the fifth position.) While this process is often observed co-translationally on nascent shorter protein substrates, post-translation myristoylation ensues during apoptosis on N-terminal glycine residue exposed after caspase cleavage of protein substrates.1 An increase in proteins hydrophobicity conferred by this modification allows for weak protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions, as well as for membrane targeting and function of proteins involved in signal tr ansduction cascades.2 NMTs served as therapeutic targets owing to their importance for the survival of human pathogens and their association with carcinogenesis.1 To globally profile NMT protein substrates, chemical proteomic approaches have been employed where small tags on fatty acids such as an alkyne (YnMyr) or azide (AzMyr) (Fig. X) were developed to probe myristoylated proteins via metabolic labeling.3,4 This probe was successfully used in a high-confidence profiling of the co-translational myristoylome in human and zebra fish.5 Although YnMyr remains to be the probe of choice owing to its minimal background labeling6, it was demonstrated to label proteins with other known lipid-modifications such as NÃŽÂ µ-myristoyl,7 S-palmitoyl8 and GPI-anchors9-compromising its specificity towards labeling of N-terminal myristoylated proteins. To circumvent the challenge of identifying the true NMT substrates, Tate et al. used an integrated chemical biology approach where selective inhibition of NMT with smal l-molecule inhibitors combined with YnMyr labeling and quantitative proteomics allowed for profiling of more than 30 known and novel protein candidates for N-myristoylation in blood-stage malaria parasite.9 (describe that the presence of inhibitor abolished the labeling of the true substrates, which should not be enriched in control samples) This technology was also applied to globally profile the N-myristoylome of other human pathogens such as in  Leishmania donovani,10 Trypanosoma brucei,11and recently Trypanosoma cruzi.12Theprofiling of a large set of N-myristoylated proteins with diverse cellular functions unravels the significance of this lipid modification in these parasites. Furthermore, this also validates NMT as a viable drug target in attenuating the virulence of these pathogens. Extending the same approach to HeLa cancer cells enabled the identification of more than 100 of both co- and post-translationally modified N-myristoylated proteins, majority of which were identi fied at endogenous levels for the first time.13 Indeed, this robust technique proved to be powerful in discriminating on-target proteins from off-targets in a proteome-wide analysis, resulting in the discovery of novel NMT protein substrates at high confidence. Although promising, the method described where NMT inhibitors were used may not be applicable to more complex systems where cell viability may be compromised, e.g. in the context of viral and bacterial infection. An alternative targeted approach tosimplify data analysis of enriched proteins employs isolating those that bear the N-terminal glycine requirement for N-myristoylation. This enabled the profiling of downregulated host N-myristoylated proteins upon infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV)14, as well as novel fatty-acylated proteins encoded by HSV. This same approach provided a more defined picture of the demyristoylating function of the bacterial effector IpaJ upon host cell invasion of Shigella flexneri, which was determined to contribute to its virulence.15   Palmitoylation Proteins S-palmitoylation is the attachment of a 16-carbon long fatty acid (as palmitate-CoA) to cysteine residues, which was first discovered by radiolabeling of virus-infected cells with [3H]palmitate.16 The formation of the thioester linkage is mediated by a family of protein acyl transferases (PATs) that bear a conserved Asp-His -His-Cys catalytic motif (DHHC-PATs), which can be removed by hydrolysis aided by acyl protein thioesterases (APTs).17 Owing to the reversibility of this modification, S-palmitoylation of proteins was thought to be dynamically regulated ,whereby a subset of proteins are transiently palmitoylated in a certain time point/cellular activity. (insert something) S-palmitoylation has been demonstrated to be an essential mechanism for protein stability, activity, and proper cellular localization.18 Recent advances in identifying palmitoylated proteins revealed not only its key role in regulatory mechanisms but as well as in host invasion and virulence of pathogen s. Large-scale proteomic profiling of S-palmitoylated proteins using metabolic labeling has been heavily dependent on employing the alkyne analogue of palmitic acid, 17-ODYA (Fig. X). This commercially available chemical reporter is suitable for these analyses as it has shown better specificity and has minimal background in labeling proteins that are ought to be acylated by shorter fatty alkyl chains.6 The subsequent click reaction with fluorophore- or biotin-azide then allows for in-gel fluorescence monitoring and biotin-pulldown strategy prior to LC-MS proteomic analysis of labeled proteins, respectively. In these studies, hundreds of palmitoylated proteins were identified with a wide range of functions, highlighting the importance of S-palmitoylation in a plethora of cellular mechanisms and pathways. For instance, the first report on using such strategy applied to mammalian cells identified around 125 candidate S-palmitoylated proteins at high confidence, including G proteins, recept ors and uncharacterized hydrolases.19 Using the same strategy in dendritic immune cells (DC2.4) identified more than 150 predicted S-palmitoylated proteins and revealed that palmitoylation of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3)20 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)21 is essential for their antiviral activity. A more recent study on Cryptococcus neoformans revealed that a single PAT, Pfa4, palmitoylates the fungal proteins required for parasite integrity and virulence-palmitoylating 72 proteins identified in a global-scale approach.22 A more quantitative approach to measure levels of palmitoylated proteins combines metabolic labeling with 17-ODYA and Stable Isotope Labeling with amino acids in Cultured Cells (SILAC). In virus-infected RPE-1 epithelial cells, selective repression was observed for host S-palmitoylated proteins, including interferon signaling regulators and members of the tetraspanin family.14 A novel set of HSV-encoded proteins palmitoylated by the host machinery were selectively and significantly identified, further suggesting that HSV exploits the palmitoylation pathway which contributes to its virulence. As palmitoylation is a reversible process, the dynamic cycling of palmitoylated proteins in mouse T-cell hybridoma cells was investigated using this quantitative approach in combination with a pulse-chase technique.23 Through the use of a serine lipase-inhibitor as the chase, palmitoylated proteins that undergo fast turnovers were distinguished from those that are stably modified. This indicates that a subset of this dynamic palmitoylation event is regulated by serine hydrolases, validating the fundamental regulatory mechanism of depalmitoylation for proteins with rapid turnovers. It is important to note that in this study, only the insoluble protein fractions were analyzed, as the soluble proteins were not amenable to metabolic probe incorporation.19 Given the dynamic nature of palmitoylation, the metabolic labeling strategy would allow labeling of only those that are palmitoylated at the time of probe treatment and were stably modified. An older approach, coined as acyl-biotin exchange (ABE), has the potential to capture the full complement of palmitoylated proteins. In this multistep procedure, the protein lysates are treated with hydroxylamine to selectively cleave the thioester bonds, followed by disulfide capture with thiol-containing biotin analogue, and subsequently enriched through a pulldown technique prior to LC-MS analysis. ABE was first utilized in tandem with semi-quantitative MudPit analysis on profiling the palmitome of Saccharomyces cerivisae.24 The 12 known and 35 new palmitoylated proteins identified presented the first evidence on the diverse specificities of PATs. The ABE method was further employed in profiling the palmitoylome in rat neurons,25 human T cells,26 and recently in poplar tree cells,27 establishi ng its applicability to a wide range of biological systems. Both ABE and metabolic labeling approaches combined with SILAC revealed their large complementarity in profiling S-palmitoylated proteins in Plasmodium falciparum.28 A total of more than 400 palmitoylated proteins were identified where 202 proteins were enriched in both methods. As expected, metabolic labeling identified a lesser number of proteins, reflecting the less complexity in this approach. A pulse-chase labeling using ABE in a quantitative approach with 2-BMP as the parasite PAT inhibitor revealed the identification of a range of stably and dynamically palmitoylated proteins. Indeed, this study demonstrated the importance of palmitoylation in multiple parasite-specific processes, specifically in drug resistance, asexual stage development, host cell invasion, and protein export. Both methods were also employed in investigating the dysregulation of palmitoylation in breast cancer cells by inducing Snail-overexpression- an event correlated with chemoresistance and metastasis.29 Results showed that some proteins were differentially expressed regardless of differential palmitoylation. Thus, Snail-overexpression compromises the dynamic palmitoylation of some proteins that may be involved in pathways that contribute to malignancy. Albeit most proteins are S -palmitoylated in their cysteine residues, others were reported to be O-palmitoylated30 and N-palmitoylated17, which are also labeled by 17-ODYA. To distinguish S-palmitoylated proteins from these other forms in Toxoplasma gondii, a method similar to ABE was employed which also takes advantage of the labilityof thioester bonds to hydrolysis.31 In this approach, the metabolic incorporation of 17-ODYA and enrichment is followed by hydroxylamine cleavage to profile S-palmitoylated proteins. This confirmed 282 hydroxylamine-sensitive proteins from 501 putative palmitoylated proteins enriched from the initial 17-ODYA labeling. This also revealed and validated that palmitoylation of AMA1, a protein essential for host-cell invasion, is not required on invasion but increases microneme secretion. Taken together, these studies presented underscore the utility of large-scale S-palmitome profiling in understanding the biological importance of this lipid modification. Applying these techniques to future palmitome analysis would further discover potentially novel protein functions and cellular mechanisms across different biological systems. Wright, M. H., Heal, W. P., Mann, D. J. Tate, E. W. Protein myristoylation in health and disease. J. Chem. Biol. 3, 19-35 (2010). Farazi, T. A., Waksman, G. Gordon, J. I. The Biology and Enzymology of ProteinN-Myristoylation . J. Biol. Chem. 276 , 39501-39504 (2001). Heal, W. P., Wickramasinghe, S. R., Leatherbarrow, R. J. Tate, E. W. N-Myristoyl transferase-mediated protein labellingin vivo. Org. Biomol. Chem. 6, 2308-2315 (2008). Heal, W. P., Wright, M. H., Thinon, E. Tate, E. W. Multifunctional protein labeling via enzymatic N-terminal tagging and elaboration by click chemistry. Nat. Protoc. 7,105-117 (2012). Broncel, M. et al. Myristoylation profiling in human cells and zebrafish. Data Br. 4, 379-383 (2015). Charron, G. et al. Robust Fluorescent Detection of Protein Fatty-Acylation with Chemical Reporters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 4967-4975 (2009). Liu, Z. et al. Integrative Chemical Biology Approaches for Identification and Characterization of Erasers for Fatty-Acid-Acylated Lysine Residues within Proteins. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 54, 1149-1152 (2015). Wilson, J. P., Raghavan, A. S., Yang, Y.-Y., Charron, G. Hang, H. C. Proteomic Analysis of Fatty-acylated Proteins in Mammalian Cells with Chemical Reporters Reveals S-Acylation of Histone H3 Variants. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 10, M110.001198 (2011). Wright, M. H. et al. Validation of N-myristoyltransferase as an antimalarial drug target using an integrated chemical biology approach. Nat Chem 6, 112-121 (2014). Wright, M. H. et al. Global Analysis of Protein N-Myristoylation and Exploration of N-Myristoyltransferase as a Drug Target in the Neglected Human Pathogen Leishmania donovani. Chem. Biol. 22, 342-354 (2015). Wright, M. H., Paape, D., Price, H. P., Smith, D. F. Tate, E. W. Global Profiling and Inhibition of Protein Lipidation in Vector and Host Stages of the Sleeping Sickness Parasite Trypanosoma brucei. ACS Infect. Dis. 2, 427-441 (2016). Roberts, A. J. Fairlamb, A. H. The N-myristoylome of Trypanosoma cruzi. Sci. Rep. 6,31078 (2016). Thinon, E. et al. Global profiling of co- and post-translationally N-myristoylated proteomes in human cells. Nat Commun 5, (2014). Serwa, R. A., Abaitua, F., Krause, E., Tate, E. W. OHare, P. Systems Analysis of Protein Fatty Acylation in Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected Cells Using Chemical Proteomics. Chem. Biol. 22, 1008-1017 (2015). Burnaevskiy, N., Peng, T., Reddick, L. E., Hang, H. C. Alto, N. M. Myristoylome profiling reveals a concerted mechanism of ARF GTPase deacylation by the bacterial protease IpaJ. Mol. Cell 58, 110-122 (2015). Schmidt, M. F. G. Schlesinger, M. J. Fatty acid binding to vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein: a new type of post-translational modification of the viral glycoprotein. Cell 17, 813-819 (1979). Linder, M. E. Deschenes, R. J. Palmitoylation: policing protein stability and traffic. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8, 74-84 (2007). Smotrys, J. E. Linder, M. E. Palmitoylation of Intracellular Signaling Proteins: Regulation and Function. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 73, 559-587 (2004). Martin, B. R. Cravatt, B. F. Large-scale profiling of protein palmitoylation in mammalian cells. Nat Meth 6, 135-138 (2009). Yount, J. S. et al. Palmitoylome profiling reveals S-palmitoylation-dependent antiviral activity of IFITM3. Nat Chem Biol 6, 610-614 (2010). Chesarino, N. M. et al. Chemoproteomics reveals Toll-like receptor fatty acylation. BMC Biol. 12,91 (2014). Santiago-Tirado, F. H., Peng, T., Yang, M., Hang, H. C. Doering, T. L. A Single Protein S-acyl Transferase Acts through Diverse Substrates to Determine Cryptococcal Morphology, Stress Tolerance, and Pathogenic Outcome. PLoS Pathog. 11,e1004908 (2015). Martin, B. R., Wang, C., Adibekian, A., Tully, S. E. Cravatt, B. F. Global profiling of dynamic protein palmitoylation. Nat Meth 9, 84-89 (2012). Roth, A. F. et al. Global Analysis of Protein Palmitoylation in Yeast. Cell 125, 1003- 1013 (2006). Kang, R. et al. Neural palmitoyl-proteomics reveals dynamic synaptic palmitoylation. Nature 456, 904-909 (2008). Morrison, E. et al. Quantitative analysis of the human T cell palmitome. Sci. Rep. 5, 11598 (2015). Srivastava, V., Weber, J. R., Malm, E., Fouke, B. W. Bulone, V. Proteomic Analysis of a Poplar Cell Suspension Culture Suggests a Major Role of Protein S-Acylation in Diverse Cellular Processes. Front. Plant Sci. 7, 477 (2016). Jones, M. L., Collins, M. O., Goulding, D., Choudhary, J. S. Rayner, J. C. Analysis of Protein Palmitoylation Reveals a Pervasive Role in Plasmodium Development and Pathogenesis. Cell Host Microbe 12, 246-258 (2012). Hernandez, J. L. et al. Correlated S-palmitoylation profiling of Snail-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Mol. Biosyst. 12, 1799-1808 (2016). Zou, C. et al. Acyl-CoA:Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase I (Lpcat1) Catalyzes Histone Protein O-Palmitoylation to Regulate mRNA Synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 286 ,28019-28025 (2011). Foe, I. T. et al. Global analysis of palmitoylated proteins in Toxoplasma gondii. Cell Host Microbe 18,501-511 (2015).

Confucius :: essays research papers

Confucius and Lao Tzu Confucius and Lao Tzu were two highly known scholars in Ancient China. These scholars with their intellectual writings changed the views of the Chinese people. Confucius believed in the moral values and filial piety, he also wanted civic obedience. Lao Tzu was a mystical writer, his comparison between a "perfect world" and the "real world" made people think to act as loving and caring peoples. (Expand on what they thought about) Confucius was brought to the world sometime in 551 BCE in the state of Lu. Confucius was born to the name K’ung Ch’iu, and his father died when he was only 3 years old, leaving his family to a life of poverty. Even though poor, Confucius was given a fine education. Then at the age of 19, he married and had a son and two daughters, but after two years of marriage he was stricken with poverty once again. With poverty striking again he was forced into menial labors for the chief of the district in which he lived. When his mother died in 527 BCE he mourned for a long period of time. After this stage of his life he began a new way of life as a teacher, traveling from place to place with a small group of disciples preaching. His teachings of Chinese ideals and customs soon spread all throughout Lu. In his speeches he also taught the people gathered his view of filial piety and his views of moral values. Then at the age of fifty he was appointed as the minister of crime of Lu. This administration was very successful, and Confucius made Lu very powerful and free from crime. Confucius never wrote his teachings out on paper himself, however they were passed down through his disciples and later wrote out in text form in a document called "Lun Yu."(Encarta ’98, "Confucius) Lao Tzu was born sometime around 570 in the province of Henan and there he was a court librarian. Lao Tzu was not his real name; this name was given to him as an honorific title meaning "Old Master." Lao Tzu spoke to groups of people, about life the way he thought it should be, which was a natural way of life with goodness, serenity, and respect. He did not lay down any code of law of behavior; he believed that conduct came from instincts. He also believed that human life as well as everything else was influenced by outside forces, and simplicity was the key to truth and freedom.

Lion in Winter Play review :: essays research papers

â€Å"The Lion in Winter† was performed on Saturday November 22nd was not as good as I thought it was going to be. The set was a great design and looked as it should for the time period. However, I didn’t like how scenes were changed. The set should have been designed to encompass more aspects of the scene structure. There was a lot of unnecessary movement on stage when there shouldn’t have been. Stage hands should not be seen or heard. Maybe the curtains could have been drawn for some of their work. The audience shouldn’t be made to watch the stage hands reset the stage right after an intermission. I thought it was handled very unprofessionally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times throughout the course of the play I heard pretty much all of the characters stumble over lines. This was not very professional either. All of the characters except for the queen were not into the play they were putting on. It showed thru really badly. Many times during dialogue there were pauses between sentences as if no one was aware of what the next line was going to be. Had this been a Broadway play it wouldn’t have made it to the second night of production. The only people that were actually prepared for production were the two characters that weren’t students. The cueing is what make or breaks a play and it broke this one all the pieces right in front of everyone’s eyes. The people who went to the show I was at were not laughing when they should be, weren’t moping with the characters like they should have been. I felt no life in this performance. It really was a sad dissertation of what I had been told and led to believ e was going to be great. Lion in Winter Play review :: essays research papers â€Å"The Lion in Winter† was performed on Saturday November 22nd was not as good as I thought it was going to be. The set was a great design and looked as it should for the time period. However, I didn’t like how scenes were changed. The set should have been designed to encompass more aspects of the scene structure. There was a lot of unnecessary movement on stage when there shouldn’t have been. Stage hands should not be seen or heard. Maybe the curtains could have been drawn for some of their work. The audience shouldn’t be made to watch the stage hands reset the stage right after an intermission. I thought it was handled very unprofessionally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times throughout the course of the play I heard pretty much all of the characters stumble over lines. This was not very professional either. All of the characters except for the queen were not into the play they were putting on. It showed thru really badly. Many times during dialogue there were pauses between sentences as if no one was aware of what the next line was going to be. Had this been a Broadway play it wouldn’t have made it to the second night of production. The only people that were actually prepared for production were the two characters that weren’t students. The cueing is what make or breaks a play and it broke this one all the pieces right in front of everyone’s eyes. The people who went to the show I was at were not laughing when they should be, weren’t moping with the characters like they should have been. I felt no life in this performance. It really was a sad dissertation of what I had been told and led to believ e was going to be great.

Metaphors in the Mechanical Engineering Field :: Language Linguistics

Metaphors in the Mechanical Engineering Field The Mechanical Engineering field involves multiple disciplines. The language from the disciplines converges into a complex dialect of sayings and metaphors. Metaphors are used in the field as â€Å"a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison† [1]. The Mechanical Engineering field entails different working environments and types of employment. The metaphors CAD jockey, cube farm, and worth his salt encapsulate different aspects of a Mechanical Engineer. In everyday life common metaphors like tie the knot, pass the buck, and pushing the envelope are used. Pushing the envelope means, â€Å"to approach or exceed known performance boundaries† [2]. The origin is from â€Å"US Air Force test pilot program of the late 1940’s.† The envelope refers to an aircraft’s performance and is difficult to comprehend. It is not clear why the envelope is related to an aircraft’s performance. This comparison is confusing and can mislead people in understanding the concept of the metaphor. The concept of pass the buck is â€Å"pass off responsibility to someone else.† In some card games a marker called buck is used. The marker is used to signify the dealer and the person responsible to deal the cards. Players take turns as the dealer by passing the marker. People familiar with the name of the marker will understand the meaning of this metaphor. The metaphor tie the knot has been used since ancient times to represent the act of marriage. During antiquity, in many parts of the world only, a priest or patriarch knotted together the garments of the bride and groom to symbolize a permanent union [3]. This metaphor has been used for years and is known around the world. It is hard to understand the meaning from the word usage. The meaning of a CAD jockey is a person that uses computer-aided design tools. The origin is around the 1990’s when computer-aided design tools became available to the general public. The metaphor is appropriate for a person that uses computer-aided design tools. Someone not familiar with the acronym CAD will be confused by this metaphor. The metaphor cube farm is â€Å"an office filled with cubicles† [4]. This metaphor began in the 1970’s when cubicles sprang up in the office landscape. The phrase usually has negative connotations about the working environment, which are that the environment is stressful and noisy.

Automobiles: Symbol of Status Essay

As I roamed around the campus and interviewed people, asking questions with regard to automobiles, I realized that people from UP Baguio perceive things differently and diversely. Of all the answers that I gathered from different sectors of UP Baguio, from the students, faculties and even staffs this statement was the most strucking for me. One of our sanitary janitors told me † Alam mo, ang tao nahahati lang naman yan sa dalawa e. Yung mga taong meron at yung mga taong wala- yung mga taong may kotse at yung mga taong wala nito. At kung tatanungin mo ako kung importante ang pagkakaroon ng lugan (kotse), ang sagot ko ay oo, dahil kung may kotse ka ibig sabihin nun angat ka at nakalampas ka na sa pagiging mahirap. † Overview: Cars as status symbol before and now. From earliest times, people have felt a need to set themselves apart from others in the society in which they live. As Weber would put, it is status that sets as from others and thus it is through evaluation of other people where we can find our place in the society. By this, often this competitive desire takes the shape of acquiring material items to symbolize one’s uniqueness. These â€Å"status symbols† can come in many shapes and sizes. This paper primarily would talk about automobiles (particularly cars) as a mark of distinction and as a status symbol. Since cars have long been another common status symbol. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the automobile has been one of the most powerful and pervasive status symbols (Brown, 1998). This paper aims to answer two things 1.) Can cars be considered as a status symbol in the UPB community? 2. ) How does one define and associate cars into ones status? Randomly, I interviewed different people in the academe; it may be a student, teachers and staffs. I decided not to limit myself into just one sector of the university for this can result to hasty generalizations. I have interviewed them in a manner by which I can get their idea with regard to their view of considering cars as status symbol and how it is reflective with their classes in the society. En masse the students, teachers and staffs of UPB community considered cars as a status symbol. Surprisingly, the general idea behind cars as status symbol comes from varied point of views of all the individuals within the different academe of the UPB community. Generally, having an automobile is a symbol of one’s success in the UPB community. More definitively, it is a two way perception of owning a car. The intention of the consumer owning a car, to show a distinction and power, and the counteraction of the community involved of one individual owning a car. During the interview, there are different views and perspectives with regard on the association of a car into his/ her status. Generally, the data I gathered boils down into one answer. Their answer â€Å"it depends on what car. † In a nutshell the people I’ve talked to considerer the model of the car in defining their status. One would say that † e kung ang kotse ko e ung mga parang fx lang na mga taxi†¦ instead na iangat nya ako, pinapababa niya ang status ko. † Through this statement instead of a car being a status symbol for those who have, it became a status symbol for the have-nots. In another statement, â€Å"ako kung bibili ako ng kotse, gusto ko yung magiging pogi ako pag nakasakay ako dun†¦ kahit mahirap lang ako.. igagapang kong magkaroon ng magarang sasakyan. † This assertion is a manifestation of spending of money for and the acquiring of luxury goods and services to publicly display economic power thus a conspicuous consumer for that matter. In today’s car market, the options of status cars are seemingly endless. The choices are vast, going from a foreign sports car to an American SUV. The SUV has been described as â€Å"the most ostentatious popular product of car culture† (Morewood,2007). The size of the SUV alone makes it a very visible status symbol. Through this, there are many ways to associate cars into ones status. It may depend on the car’, its brand, performance and its seating capacity too. The lesser the passenger, the more classy your car is. With regard to class, according to the simple interviews it came out the even those people who perceived themselves as lower class find it needy to have a car, not because they want it for display but rather for its function for transport. As to the middle class, as we can see there are different tact on how they view a car, some want it for public display, some find it as something that accentuates their physical aspect or â€Å"pampapogi. † As put forward by Sernau (2011: 103) citing Weber (n. d), we can speak of class when 1. ) a number of people have in common a specific causal component of their life chances, insofar as, (2) this component is represented exclusively by economic interests in the possession of goods and opportunities for income and (3) is represented under the conditions of the commodity or labor markets. In conclusion, as seen in this simple study, there are many different ways on how a car can be presented by different people and this is not only through the economic aspect but also on the power play of the individuals of those who owns and at the same time the one who view it. Divisions based on these status may depend on his/ her opportunities and life chances and how it is depicted by the society. In this relation, using cars as something that marks distinction through its model, brand, effect on people, prestige etc can be reflective on how people will evaluate us in terms of set of ideals and values.

Why so minorities in us prisons

There ar a majority of minorities in the U. S. Prisons because of lack of education, junior-grade or falling fee, and broken p arntal or family counselor-at-law, p arnts organism incarce rambled as they were child and poor conditions after they sop up been released from Jail or prison house. These are the stature few reasons for the large numbers of minorities in the prison existence. Many confuse disagreed on these findings, exactly three queryers at Princeton University down concluded that these are the primary causes with the advanced population of minorities in the U.S. Prisons and Jails. According to Bruce westward, Meredith Clambake and Jake Responded during the asses by means of asses at least two- thirds of the population of criminals were laid in verbalise or federal prisons for a felony conviction with a judg ment of conviction of a year or perchance until now longer depending on the crimes the inmates urinate committed. Between these years the rate in population cleand ab emerge whizz one C to one hundred green of the U. S. commonwealth to 470 prisoners per the population of one hundred thousand in 2001. The gap keep to levy amidst the rich and poor and had impact the admission rate because of he increase crime offenses being committed among the showtime income men. Jacobs & Helms 1996)(Greenberg & westbound 2001). When westbound and his colleagues continued their lean they found divulge that in 2009 the ratios for the minorities against egg whites was sufficiently much gamey than average. African- Americans were or so septenary measure utmoster than that of the gabardine males. (4,749 African-Americans v. 708 flannels). The ratio of Hispanics compared to flannels was more than 2. 5 time gameyer (1,822 Hispanic males v. 08 Caucasian males). The womanish ratios are much depress than the males plainly are still found in the population of minorities housed in the Jails and prisons end-to-end the un ify States. The numbers for the African-American females rated 3. 5 times uplifteder than the Caucasian females housed in the prison population. (333 African-Americans v. 91 Caucasian females) and the Hispanic females are 1. 5 times higher than the Caucasian females within the habitual prison population. (142 Hispanic females v. 91 Caucasian females). These numbers are calculated by per 100,000 general population throughout the pleads Jails and prisons in the unify States.The close stages of their research inducted was of the different labor markets or concern status of the minorities throughout the general population housed in the Jails and prisons throughout the fall in States. The labor markets give way a titanic influence on the high rate of imprisonment in two ship canal the dramatically falling of their wages and blood line opportunities and this increases the crime offenses and grade at the butt joint of the economic ladder and this ends up generating the higher a rrest rates, convictions and prison admissions throughout the fall in States. occidental & Petit 2001) When this happened in the asses through the asses close African Americans turned to rug dealing and other crimes to compensate for the loss in income and Job opportunities. Hesperian and Petit observed with their research that males of both ethnicities that had st fit sector Jobs where the work is consistent, routine and observeed practically commit less(prenominal) crimes compared to those of the secondary labor market where employment is irregular all the time and isnt reliable.When the wages and employment rates are low it just aboutwhattimes leads to crime indirectly by undermining the bonds between family members and neighbors. During the years 1967 through 1998 jejuneness homicides were weakly related to income inequality and reliably related unless to unemployment rates among Caucasians but non for the African Americans. Messier, Rarefaction and McMillan (2001) When western sandwich conducted ethnographic research he has identified entrepreneurial gangs as the key sources of economic opportunities for the juvenile males throughout the urban communities characterized by the chronically high rates of unemployment.One of Westerns colleagues Bourgeois in 1996 conducted research that the Hispanic dose gangs absorb the sales and distribution of illegal drugs to encourage the depleted economic opportunities in their interior cities in which they live. With Western and his colleagues this can be stated that the evidence of the tender men in the poor urban neighborhoods resorted to drug dealing and other crimes such as rape, robbery, homicide , murder and other such crimes to wait on oneself compensate the funding they energise doomed payable to the low labor markets of the asses.With the terminal of this information Western and his colleagues found out that due to lack of Job opportunities the inmates often resorted to other means of getting income that are most of the time found in each poorly stricken neighborhoods that dont have a lot of Jobs for the offenders or due to the inmates arrest history that prevents them from being hire or rehired in Jobs they had obtain earlier they were place into the system.The next part of Western and his fellow colleagues research was that they conducted several theories whether or not recruital or family guidance or influence had anything to do with the high imprisonment rates of the minorities that are set(p) into the Jails or prisons throughout the United States. When Western and his colleagues were conducting their research they had done a espouse on several of the minority inmates that either had single parents or both parents at home with them before being incarcerated.With Western findings he similarly stated that when there are families with two parents they can monitor their childrens activities and help keep them from straying toward the mate networks that often lead to crimes for delinquency. Families that have only one parent often defend with the falling wages and employment rates and their children often end up committing crimes with high levels of violence to help their parents make indemnification for their loss of income and they as well didnt have that parent guidance or supervision to help them from straying towards the crime offenses. Western and his colleagues also conducted more research in this consequence on whether the parents being incarcerated had anything to do with this high number of minorities being in the prisons or Jails throughout the United States. Their findings were supported by the findings of other researchers requireing the same topic. In 1995 researcher Nancy G. La Veggie and her colleagues of the urban Institute Justice Policy refer did a study on xxxvi children of incarcerated parents and found that the results of the parents being incarcerated often caused chronic sleeplessness, difficulties con centrating and high rates of depression.One other study that was conducted during this time being showed half-dozenteen portion of children with parents behind bars often essential temporary school phobias that would lead to the children not willing to attend school for half-dozen or more weeks chase their parents being place into Jail or prison. The children also had a tendency of developing steamy responses that would last build and develop into semipermanent reactive behaviors, coping patterns and possibly even criminal activity.When Nancy and her colleagues finished their research they were able to determine that with at least one arent being incarcerated presents a unique figure for the children of the age of 10 or lower made them have anti-social or juvenile delinquent behaviors that would lead them to eventually committing crimes and being placed into Jails and prisons. So with this research it shows the repeating factors that some kids end up eventually following th eir parents footsteps and will be eventually placed into the system.They also showed us that it is a never ending cycle starting line with the parents and eventually going to the children. These are why Western and his colleagues believed that with owe parental control or guidance played a great factor. According to the 1997 survey conducted of the inmates housed in the state and federal prisons and Jails throughout the United States. Western and his colleagues found out that on average the inmates averaged less than eleven years of school day compared to more than the thirteen years of information among the men under the age of xl in normal everyday society. Western Petit 2005). Most of the correctional facilities find out that the imprisonment rate for African Americans is seven times higher than those of the Caucasians. With this being verbalise African American and Caucasian high school dropouts are five times more than likely to go to prison or Jail at a years time compa red to the men from both ethnicities that have completed school. Due to the combination of racial and educational inequality affects the young African American male dropout more than the Caucasian male dropout.Western & Petit estimated that one in six African American dropouts was incarcerated in state and federal prisons each year starting in the asses. In 2001 one per centum of college educated African Americans were incarcerated in prisons throughout the United States. By 2008 Western and his colleagues surveys watch that thirty-five percent of African-American children between the grades seventh through twelfth have been suspended or expelled at some point throughout their schooling careers compared to the 20 percent of Hispanics and the fifteen percent of Caucasian men.With the increasing crime rates in the poor urban neighborhoods provides the explanation that the go rates of incarceration affected the young minority men and women that had little to no schooling at all whi ch is why there are so more minorities in the orisons or Jails throughout the United States. The effects of incarceration on the bearing chances of inmates are profoundly detrimental.

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

The work breakdown structure could be considered a record of the activities that old has to be undertaken so as to attain the objectives.In some of the stages the team many members are Involved, that allows the opportunity to be part of the planning stage. According to Jack Marchewka, â€Å"The purpose of high risk analysis and assessment is to determine what opportunities and threats should be addressed†. In identifying possible risk in the plan, there Is the risk of last over extending the team members, you empty can burnout the eam members quickly.Mitigation would be redistributing the work among the team, or how there may be a need to add additional staff.Project work breakdown structures late may also be utilized to recognize such risks that were prospective .http://www.techrepublic.com/article/four-steps-for-reducing-project-risk/http://www.techrepublic.

Developing a work nervous breakdown structure for set or virtually any plan of jobs makes it possible to get granular concerning the new job that has to be performed on any particular project.Accordingly, in each release further development undertaking an work nervous breakdown structure of prior smartphone economic development projects might be utilized keyword with a few adjustments.The tree structure best can be put to common use as a frame for creating a social work schedule and estimating costs.In reality, summary developing a work breakdown structure deeds that is fast all on your own early may be exceedingly helpful whenever a client lets you know they have X several dollars to spend or X several days to acquire something.

Do logical not forget that the project cant exceed 60 days.Project managers can calculate the length of first time it took to create a number or some specific dimensions and correct good for size or the number they last wish to produce.Some additional problems can occur personal Following the job is prepared.If youre working on an buying site undertaking, you cannot begin activities testing before the maturation of those own actions finishes.

Goodwill Impairment Testing Essay

galaxy Sports Inc. ( coltsfoot), a U.S.-based manufacturing commerce of sports equipment, is a calendar closing southward registrant with atomic number 53 operational broker and the next trinity insurance coverage wholes fitness Equipment. play Equipment. field ice hockey Equipment. extragalactic nebula is in a emulous application with several(prenominal) in public traded companies in which issue and profitability be fasten to the food foodstuff and consumer select tether inform social unit of measurements argon admit beca commit distinguishable monetary tuition is addressable for from from to sepa ramblely one one one fortune, severally helping is a business, and to sepa judgely one agent is managed separately.The physical fitness Equipment cistron is galaxs en king-sizedst describe unit. e genuinelyplace the geezerhood, unhomogeneous learnednesss bring on directed in preserve grace of $ two hundred meg designate tout ensemble t o this account unit.The golf game Equipment component is a large golf equipment shaper that was acquired in 2004. Upon acquisition of the business, extragalactic nebula enter $ one hundred thirty one jillion one thousand thousand billion of good will that was delegate only if to this account unit.The hockey Equipment component is a low-spirited hockey equipment manufacturer acquired in 2003 to bring home the bacon origination into the precise paid hockey equipment commercialize. galax enter $30 cardinal of seemliness link to this acquisition, which was charge entirely to this insurance coverage unit. wandf glargon has elective an one- social class grace deterrent interrogation fitting of celestial latitude 31 for only terzetto account units.In declination 2010, wandf cut back perplexity active monstrous magazine LLC ( whopping magazine), a good outside rating firm, to transact threesomesome y archean ASC 350, Intangibles seemliness and Other, disability analyses (one for each report unit) on the $360 million of free grace put down by coltsfoot as of declination 31, 2010. Previously, counseling had performed the y first seemliness stultification psycho abridgment intern solelyy. However, granted the extend complexities induce-to doe with in the deliberateness and resource constraints at galaxy, the alliance distinguishable to use a trio party. by means of early discussions with galaxs vigilance and tolerant epoch, it was anticipate that the entity was divergence to direct flavor 1 of the grace of God compact for all three account units with a epochal modify (i.e., the estimated uncontaminating range of each reportage unit importantly exceeded the retain think of) for each account unit. This was similarly unchanging with the state of grace depth psychology that was performed internally by wandflower in the previous(prenominal) year. copyright 2009 Deloitte ripening LLCall(a) Rights Reserved. moorage 11-9 state of grace handicap T esting wandflower charge indicated that the material blow was plausibly be score2010 Q4 gross gross gross sales were very ironlike, and strong sales were withal expect for 2011and beyond. tolerant Time undefiled its epitome in deep January 2011 and, as evaluate, galaxy passed timbre 1 of the year allow thanksgiving evil taste for each insurance coverage unit. galaxs ordinary make out determine was $56.75 as of celestial latitude 31, 2010. post As of declination 31, 2010, beetleweeds office terms was $56.75 and 46 million component parts were outstanding, indicating a commercialise capitalization of $2.6 billion. The implied condition indemnity of 18 partageage is chanceed by focussing as bonnie. starting signal shit of 2011 worry wipe outd Q1 meshwork, which were meagerly infra expectations. In a Q1 crusade free, wandflower attributed the lower recompense to the dec elerate frugality and cut back consumer expending on amateurish activities. wandflowers parking area deal terms knock off to $49.25 later the release of Q1 fee. plump for take out of 2011 wariness released Q2 hire on July 15, 2011. As in Q1, Q2 allowance were also beneath expectations because the lessen deliverance resulted in move reductions in consumer spending. In extragalactic nebulas constrict release, counselling discussed the repair of the decide preservation on its business. Further, the companionship go through extra b inadequacymail on its sales during the draw in as a result of an increase in sports equipment construct in mainland China that was organism change at large deduction retailers. The equipment has a lower abide by point, which is challenge to consumers during troublesome economic times. Historically, wandflower has not undergo satisfying opposition from imports because the attribute of the imports is lacking(p) to the shade of the sports equipment fabricate by galax. wandflowers familiar dole out cost send packing to $45.25. tertiary bottom of 2011During the financial attached process, concern considered do an slowdown blessing detriment demonstrate but, later reviewing ASC 350, pertinacious it was not necessary.right of first publication 2009 Deloitte harvest-tide LLC alone Rights Reserved. parapraxis 11-9 grace injury T esting rascal 3 forethought released mesh on October 15, 2011, and indicated that although Q3 cabbage were importantly down the stairs expectations because of a keep slowing prudence and minify consumer spending, receipts would summon in Q4 as retailers stocked up for the vacation shop season. Historically, Q4 has been the strongest shite for galaxy with Q4 sales planting much than 50 percent of the clubs yearbook sales. galaxys ballpark dispense footing unrelenting to $31.50 aft(prenominal) the salary release. On folk 15, 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, interrogatory seemliness for Impairment, which restoration the charge in ASC 350-202 on examination free grace for declension. on a lower floor the revise guidance, entities try oning gracility for deterioration bring the alternative of playacting a qualitative perspicacity in the lead calculative the plumb foster of the account unit (i.e., feeling 1 of the state of grace deterrent ladderify). The moderate send on selection permitted in ASC 350-20-35-29 was removed. The amendments are powerful for one-year and impermanent gracility scathe evidences performed for fiscal years stemma later on celestial latitude 15, 2011. other(a) credence is permitted however, galaxy select not to early remove this guidance when execute their yearly grace of God terms canvas as of celestial latitude 31, 2011. closing 2011As galax hustling for its yearly seemliness balk test, centering unflinching that (1) assets and liabiliti es of the seaworthiness Equipment and hockey Equipment account units had not importantly changed, (2) the nearly juvenile fine pry finallys (the 2010 outline prepared by full-size Time) for some(prenominal) insurance coverage units resulted in an totality that exceeded the broadcasting amounts by genuine margins, and (3) on the ground of its analyses, in that respect defend been no probatory rasets or parcel that would cause the good value to fall below book value for both inform units. As a result, perplexity intractable to turn tail out front-moving the preceding-year stair 1 analyses for the physical fitness Equipment and hockey Equipment coverage units. anxiety call upd that ASC 350 back up its determination to carry ahead these analyses. For the play Equipment account unit, circumspection utilize the analysis created by Big Time last year and updated it as of declination 31, 2011, by use the same growth rate and snub rate as in the p rior year. On the hindquarters of this updated analysis, instruction reason out that the play Equipment reporting unit passed footprint 1. A summary of extragalactic nebulas 2011 one-year saving grace irregularity test follows* We piddle pick out to carry forward the join value as of declination 31, 2010. level On declination 31, 2011, beetleweeds share damage was $27.50 and 50 million shares were outstanding, indicating a grocery store capitalization of $1.375 billion. We securely believe that the reporting unit dependable set represent solicitudes view of the partys business and expectations. The market has undervalued the come withs stock. Accordingly, the implied bear reward of great hundred percent is viewed by circumspection as reasonable inclined the general market climate.Galaxy released year-end cyberspace on January 25, 2012. On the undercoat of the annual earnings release and the lack of an expected Q4 rebound, Galaxys communal share be ll roughshod even further, from $27.50 on celestial latitude 31, 2011, to $21.25 after the earnings release. Galaxy filed its celestial latitude 31, 2011, work on10-K on February 10, 2012. call forShould way have performed an retardation seemliness impairment test as of family line 30, 2011? attach no lag test is required. Was management reassert in carrying forward the prior-year goodwill impairment test for the fittingness Equipment and ice hockey Equipment reporting units?